Ho 250 WOODY PLANTS: TREES Study Questions for Quiz 1 Fall, 2003

A. 1. The quiz will cover the following families: Salicaceae, Betulaceae , Fagaceae

B. Things to study for Quiz #1:

1. Botanical names

2. Common names

3. Important I.D. characteristics for Families, Genera, Species

4. Habitat preferences of species

5. Natural Range of species

6. Landscape (rural, community, residential) and other commercial uses.

7. English meaning of scientific names and plant feature to which they apply

8. Definitions; leaf, twig, flower, fruit morphology

C. The following study questions should help you prepare for Quiz #1

1. Name three families of trees and tell how to distinguish among them on the basis of leaf structure; fruit structure, bark characteristics.

2. Distinguish between aspens and cottonwoods using the following traits: ability to root from cuttings; root suckering ability; growth rate; preferred habitat/soils.

3. Distinguish between Salix and Populus on the basis of leaf shape; bud scales; pollination mechanism; wood color.

4. Define ament, inflorescence, pubescence, fruit, leaf scar, acute, cordate, obovate, pome, drupe, nut, samara, petiole, bud scale, leaf blade, palmate, pith, bundle scar, lateral bud, compound leaf, simple leaf, bract, crenate, serrate, genus, lobed, thorn, entire, catkin, doubly-serrate, bi-pinnately compound, species, terminal bud, glabrous, glaucous, scabrous, lanceolate, ovate, elliptical, oblong.

5. Name two genera that include species with entire leaves; one with twigs identifiable by odor; three with fruits ripening in spring; six with alternate leaves; two with nuts; two with coarse twigs; five with fine twigs; two with prominent horizontal lenticels on young stems; six with serrate leaves; six with simple leaves; five with fruits ripening in the fall; two with winged seeds; three with a cordate leaf base; three with pre-formed male catkins.

6. Name a species noted for producing paper; the smallest (?) seeds in the world; purple summer color, edible nuts, quality furniture and flooring, wildlife food. Name two species with red fall color; four with yellow fall color.

7. Give the English meaning and tell to what plant feature (range, habitat, stem, fruit, leaf, etc.) the following species names apply: alba, nigra, deltoides, amygdaloides, tremuloides, balsamifera, grandidentata, alleghaniensis, pendula, virginiana, caroliniana, lenta, papyrifera, rubra, bicolor, palustris, ellipsoidalis, coccinea, imbricaria, grandifolia, sylvatica, glutinosa, macrocarpa, tristis, pentandra, tremula, mongolica. Provide an appropriate genus name to go with each of the above species names.

8. Write the correct botanical name for Bolleana poplar, and label each part of the name according to the taxonomic level it represents. Do the same for golden weeping willow.

9. Using at least ten different species, name two tree species native to the following: South Dakota and Michigan, South Dakota and Tennessee, Maine and Alaska, Texas and South Dakota, South Dakota but not California, Ohio and Texas, Minnesota and Michigan. South Dakota and Iowa. Ohio and Kentucky, Georgia but not SD.

10. Describe the difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms; evergreens and deciduous trees; conifers and broad-leaved trees.

11. Name five genera which occur naturally in Europe and the eastern U.S. Four in the eastern U.S. and eastern Asia. Three in the eastern U.S. but not California.

12. Where do species which produce fruit in the spring typically grow, and why?

13. What is a "pioneer" species?

14. Name five species found in association with swamps and/or river bottoms; two species noted for tolerance of drought; two species that are marginally winter hardy in eastern South Dakota; two species noted for shade tolerance.

15. Differentiate between the following in at least three different traits: Laurel leaf willow and balsam poplar. Eastern cottonwood and trembling aspen. Paper birch and American hop-hornbeam. Yellow birch and European alder. Red oak and bur oak. Northern pin oak and white poplar. American beech and big tooth aspen. Swamp white oak and shingle oak.

16. Name eight species that are not native to North America.

17. Name seven species native to South Dakota.

18. What is the importance or value of dioecious flowering to the landscape and

nursery industry?

19. Of what importance or value is the ability of a tree species to root from stem

cuttings to the nursery or landscape industry?

20. Why might members of the aspen group be considered a nuisance in some

landscapes?

21. Tree species that are noted for rapid growth rate are usually also noted for what other trait?

22. Draw a leaf of the following species: weeping willow, laurel willow, white poplar, eastern cottonwood, quaking aspen, yellow birch, bur oak, pin oak, red oak, river birch, ironwood, American beech, white birch.

23. Draw fruits of the above.

24. List three contributing factors to chlorosis in woody plants. Lack of which essential element is primarily responsible for chlorosis? Name two deciduous trees that require an acid soil and/or a well-drained upland site to avoid chlorosis.

25. Draw the end bud(s) of the following species: weeping willow, trembling aspen, European alder, European beech, paper birch, American hop-hornbeam, eastern cottonwood.

26. Name the family that each of the following genera belong to: Populus, Salix, Betula, Quercus, Carpinus, Alnus, Ostrya, Fagus

27. Distinguish between the white and red oak groups based on leaf, fruit, and wood traits.

28. Distinguish between genera in the Betulaceae based on fruit characteristics.

29. What trait do Alnus, Betula and Ostrya share that gives a strong indication that they are in the birch family?