1.
The final exam is comprehensive. Review study questions for exams 1 – 3 as well
as the exams themselves. Approximately ˝ of the exam will be based on these
materials. The remainder of the exam will cover the following families: Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, Taxodiaceae and Ginkgoaceae.
2.
For each of the following specific epithets, give an appropriate genus name,
the English meaning (not necessarily the common name) and tell to what plant
feature (range, habitat, stem, fruit, leaf, etc.) the name applies: contorta, strobus, pungens, abies, decidua, balsamea, canadensis, concolor, glauca, resinosa, occidentalis, sempervirens, distichum, scopulorum, virginiana, giganteum, mariana, sylvestris, ponderosa, nigra, flexilis, biloba, siberica, aristata, densiflora, mugo, taeda, laricina,
glyptostroboides, plicata, densiflora.
3.
Which species have fascicles of 2 needles; needles borne singly along the twig;
short shoots; ranges in the western U.S.; ranges in the northeastern U.S.
ranges including SD; ranges in Europe; ranges in Asia; transcontinental ranges
in Canada; range restricted to the southern U.S.; armed cones; fascicles of 5
needles; persistent fascicle sheath; pendant cones; upright cones; cones which
shatter when mature; serotinous cones; cones with
fewer than 12 scales; have limited ornamental qualities; are called “cedar”;
have deciduous leaves; have scale-like leaves; have awl-shaped leaves?
4.
Name three genera with cones less than one inch in length; six with cones more
than one inch in length; six with two seeds per cone scale; three which contain
species native to dry sites; four containing species which grow in swamps; two
with 10 or fewer seeds per cone; four with 50 or more seeds per cone; three
with trees reaching a maximum height of 200 feet or more; three with scale-like
leaves.
5.
Tell how to distinguish between Picea and Abies; Pinus and Juniperus; Tsuga and Pseudotsuga; Douglas-firs and true firs; Juniperus and Thuja; Picea and Larix; Picea and Abies; Sequoia and Sequoiadendron. Metasequoia and Taxodium.
6. Name a species noted for producing fence
posts; Tepee poles; the oldest trees; construction lumber; paper and deer food;
Christmas trees; shingles; musical instruments; love chests and tourist merchandise;
the largest trees; cancer fighting chemicals; a cement for optics.
7.
Differentiate between the following in three different traits: eastern white
pine and red pine; ponderosa pine and red pine; Austrian pine and Scotch pine;
Scotch pine and mugo pine; Norway spruce and blue
spruce; Serbian spruce and Black Hills spruce; eastern larch and eastern
hemlock; Douglas-fir and white fir; northern white cedar and Rocky Mountain
juniper; giant sequoia and baldcypress; dawn redwood
and redwood; balsam fir and black spruce; Japanese larch and ginkgo; jack pine
and Scotch pine; bristlecone pine and limber pine; limber pine and eastern
white pine; western redcedar and eastern redcedar.
8.
Distinguish between hard and soft pines on the basis of leaves, cones , fascicle sheath, wood properties.
9.
Arrange the following species in order from smallest to largest: eastern white
pine, eastern redcedar,
10.
Name seven species not native to
11.
Name four species native to MN and ME; CO but not SD; SD and WY; ONT and WI. Three species native to CA but not SD; SD but not MI.
12.
Name four species with highly decay resistant wood; two noted for striking
blue-green foliage; two with exserted bracts; two
with resin blisters in the bark; two adapted to high elevation; seven used in
windbreaks in SD; two found in wet habitats; five noted for drought tolerance;
eight that won’t grow in SD.
13.
Draw the terminal bud(s) of the following species: Douglas-fir, white fir, blue
spruce, Austrian pine, balsam fir, Serbian spruce, ginkgo, mugo
pine, Scotch pine.
14.
Name the family that each of the following belongs to: Pinus,
Picea, Larix, Tsuga, Pseudotsuga, Abies, Thuja, Juniperus,
Taxodium, Metasequoia,
Sequoia, Ginkgo, Sequoiadendron.
15.
Name three species with cultivars that can be safely planted within 5 feet of a
building’s foundation.
16.
Arrange the following in order from best to worst in terms of needle retention
after the tree has been cut:
17.
Draw the cones of the following species: eastern redcedar,
white spruce, eastern white pine, ponderosa pine, giant sequoia, balsam fir,
eastern larch, eastern hemlock, eastern arborvitae, Norway spruce.